1. Interior (within an autonomous system
a. Distance Vector - understands the direction and distance to any network connection on the internetwork. Knows how may hops (metrics) to get to that destination. Possible problems include: slow convergence, routing loops, counting to infinity (solved my max hop count). Solutions include: split horizon (cant send back where it came from); hold-down timers (prevent regular updates messages from recreating in tables that it is up); hop count ; Uses seconds hand info
1. RIP - routing information protocol - 15 hop count maximum
30 seconds update
Route invalid timer 90 seconds
metrics
2. IGRP - Interior gateway routing protocol (CISCO) - 255 hop count maximum, reliability factor (255) and bandwidth delay measured in 10 MS. Implements hold downs, split horizons, and poison reverse updates; 90 seconds
b. Link State - understands the entire network and does not use secondhand information. routers exchange LSP (Link state protocols - hi packets) Each router builds a topographical view then uses SPF (shortest path first) to determine he best route. Convergence is fast. Bandwidth is the measurement
1. OSPF (open shortest path first) - decisions based on cost of route (metric limit of 65,535) - used in he TCP/IP stack
2. NLSP - Novell’s Link State Protocol
c. Hybrid
EIGRP - (enhanced Interior gateway protocol) combined link state and distance vector - distance vectors triggered by change, not timers; Faster convergence, multiprotocol support
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GirlGeekteete dotNet Tags: Interior Routing Protocols autonomous Distance Vector connection network metrics destination problems convergence split infinity internetwork hops metrics split horizon hold-down timers prevent updates messages hop RIP count protocol reliability poison reverse updates Link State LSP packets topographical SPF shortest path first Convergence Bandwidth OSPF EIGRP multiprotocol EGP BGP CDP SNAP No Comments »
0×800CCCA0 NNTP_RESPONSE_ERROR News server response error.
0×800CCCA1 NNTP_NEWGROUPS_FAILED Newsgroup access failed.
0×800CCCA2 NNTP_LIST_FAILED LIST command to server failed.
0×800CCCA3 NNTP_LISTGROUP_FAILED Unable to display list.
0×800CCCA4 NNTP_GROUP_FAILED Unable to open group.
0×800CCCA5 NNTP_GROUP_NOTFOUND Group not on server.
0×800CCCA6 NNTP_ARTICLE_FAILED Message not on server.
0×800CCCA7 NNTP_HEAD_FAILED Message header not found.
0×800CCCA8 NNTP_BODY_FAILED Message body not found.
0×800CCCA9 NNTP_POST_FAILED Unable to post to server.
0×800CCCAA NNTP_NEXT_FAILED Unable to open next message.
0×800CCCAB NNTP_DATE_FAILED Unable to display date.
0×800CCCAC NNTP_HEADERS_FAILED Unable to display headers.
0×800CCCAD NNTP_XHDR_FAILED Unable to display MIME headers.
0×800CCCAE NNTP_INVALID_USERPASS Invalid user or password.
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